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Evasion (law)
In law, the Doctrine of Evasion is a fundamental public policy. Whereas a person may legitimately plan his or her affairs so as to ''avoid'' the incidence of obligations or liabilities imposed by the law, no-one is allowed to ''evade'' the operation of otherwise mandatory provisions once duties and liabilities have been properly imposed or incurred. It is also a common principle in conflict of laws.
==Definition==
This is a standard doctrine in most jurisdictions: in France, it is termed, ''fraude à la loi'', in Spain, ''fraude de ley'', in Italy, ''violazione di norme di legge'', in Germany, ''Rechtswidrige Umgehung eines Gesetzes''. It reflects the need for governments to prevent their citizens from intentionally and improperly manipulating their behaviour to prevent mandatory provisions in the law from applying to them. As the translated names necessarily imply, the key is an intention to displace the normal operation of the legal system. Sometimes, this intention will be express. On other occasions, it will be for the courts to decide whether a sufficient intention can be imputed. Once the intention is established, the evasive manoeuvre will be void and the normal legal provisions will apply to the parties.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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